Religious Retribution through Football in Scotland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36399/GroundingsUG.14.134Keywords:
Sectarianism, Glasgow, Scotland, Football, Rangers, Celtic, Old FirmAbstract
This paper sheds light upon the conflicting, religious undertones of the two largest football clubs in Scotland, Rangers Football Club and Celtic Football Club, that is fuelled by the fanbases’ cultural dependencies within each association. These football clubs, known nationally across Scotland, have an established conflict of ideologies; beliefs that go far behind the goals of the football pitch. The main thrust of this paper, then, displays a compelling focus on the self-identity established through sport, and in this instance, football, while so too heightening the pertinence of the politics within this playing field.
References
Arthur, P. and Cowell-Meyers, Kimberly. “Irish Republican Army.” Encyclopedia Britannica, August 22, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Irish-Republican-Army.
Author(s) C C O’Brien (1983) Terrorism under Democratic conditions - the case of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) (from terrorism, legitimacy, and power, P 91-104, 1983, Martha Crenshaw, ed. - see NCJ-91507), Terrorism Under Democratic Conditions - The Case of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) (From Terrorism, Legitimacy, and Power, P 91-104, 1983, Martha Crenshaw, ed. - See NCJ-91507) | Office of Justice Programs. Available at: https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/terrorism-under-democratic-conditions-case-ira-irish-republican#:~:text=Within%20the%20framework%20of%20such,is%20unmistakably%20a%20terrorist%20organization. (Accessed: October 21, 2022).
Bradley, J.M. (2004) “Orangeism in Scotland: Unionism, politics, identity, and football,” Éire-Ireland, 39 (1), pp. 237–261. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.2004.0001.
Bradley, J.M. (2007) “Football in Scotland: A history of political and ethnic identity,” The International Journal of the History of Sport, 12(1), pp. 81–98. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09523369508713884.
Bradley, J.M. (2014) “Sectarianism, anti-sectarianism and Scottish football,” Sport in Society, 18(5), pp. 588–603. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2014.976008.
Bradley, Joseph M. “Orangeism in Scotland: Unionism, Politics, Identity, and Football.” Éire-Ireland 39, no. 1 (2004): 237-261. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0001.
Celtic FC (2022) Celtic Football Club 1880 to 1889 | Celtic FC History by Decade, Celticfc.com. Available at: https://www.celticfc.com/history/history-timeline/1880-to-1889/ (Accessed: 2022).
FIFA (2015) “Laws of the Game.” FIFA Publications. FIFA (2020) The football landscape – the vision 2020-2023, FIFA Publications. Available at: https://publications.fifa.com/en/vision-report-2021/the-football-landscape/ (Accessed: October 20, 2022).
Jarvie, G. (2021) The value of Scottish football. Available at: https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/media/6435/briefing-paper-the-value-of-scottish-football.pdf (Accessed: October 19, 2022).
John Reid (2022) Europeanleadershipnetwork.org. Available at: https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/person/john-reid/ (Accessed: 2022).
Kelly, J. (2011). ‘Sectarianism’ and Scottish football: Critical reflections on dominant discourse and press commentary. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 46(4), 418–435. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.gla.ac.uk/10.1177/1012690210383787
Merriam-Webster (n.d.) “Identity Politics”, Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/identity%20politics (Accessed: 2022).
Nygård, H.M. and Gates, S. (2013) “Soft Power at home and abroad: Sport diplomacy, politics and peace-building,” International Area Studies Review, 16(3), pp. 235–243. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865913502971.
Orwell, G. (2021) The sporting spirit: George Orwell, The Orwell Foundation. Available at: https://www.orwellfoundation.com/the-orwell-foundation/orwell/essays-and-other-works/the-sporting-spirit/ (Accessed: October 20, 2022).
Our History (2022) Nil By Mouth. Available at: https://nilbymouth.org/aboutus/our-history/ (Accessed: October 22, 2022).
Scott, K. (2001) “A Game of Two Halves,” The Guardian, 15 May.
The Scottish Parliament (2018) Offensive behaviour at football and threatening communications (repeal) (Scotland) bill: Financial memorandum.
Turner, C., Begg, P. and McTague, M. (2022) The Scottish electorate and football fandom post-Brexit - UK in a changing Europe, UK in a changing Europe. Available at: https://ukandeu.ac.uk/scottish-electorate-football-fandom-brexit/ (Accessed: 2022).
Whigham, S., Kelly, J. and Bairner, A. (2021) The Scottish electorate and football fandom post-Brexit, UK in a changing Europe. Available at: https://ukandeu.ac.uk/scottish-electorate-football-fandom-brexit/ (Accessed: October 17, 2022).
Sport (no date) Cambridge Dictionary. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sport (Accessed: February 20, 2023).
Tones, Wolfe. 2004. Go On Home British Soldiers. The Troubles. Ireland: Celtic Collections Ltd.Devlin, (1970) Dare to Struggle – Dare to Win. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1970/10/29/archives/dare-to-struggle-dare-to-win.html
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Eva Burns
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The CC BY 4.0 license is a Creative Commons license. This is a non-copyleft free license that is good for art and entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. People are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. But they must conform to the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Please check individual article PDF copies to see if any additional restrictions apply.